# access/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
# Copyright (C) 2007 Paul Johnston, paj@pajhome.org.uk
# Portions derived from jet2sql.py by Matt Keranen, mksql@yahoo.com
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php

"""
Support for the Microsoft Access database.

.. note::

    The Access dialect is **non-functional as of SQLAlchemy 0.6**, 
    pending development efforts to bring it up-to-date.


"""
from sqlalchemy import sql, schema, types, exc, pool
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler, expression
from sqlalchemy.engine import default, base, reflection
from sqlalchemy import processors

class AcNumeric(types.Numeric):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "NUMERIC"

    def bind_processor(self, dialect):
        return processors.to_str

    def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
        return None

class AcFloat(types.Float):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "FLOAT"

    def bind_processor(self, dialect):
        """By converting to string, we can use Decimal types round-trip."""
        return processors.to_str

class AcInteger(types.Integer):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "INTEGER"

class AcTinyInteger(types.Integer):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "TINYINT"

class AcSmallInteger(types.SmallInteger):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "SMALLINT"

class AcDateTime(types.DateTime):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "DATETIME"

class AcDate(types.Date):

    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "DATETIME"

class AcText(types.Text):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "MEMO"

class AcString(types.String):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")

class AcUnicode(types.Unicode):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")

    def bind_processor(self, dialect):
        return None

    def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
        return None

class AcChar(types.CHAR):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")

class AcBinary(types.LargeBinary):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "BINARY"

class AcBoolean(types.Boolean):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "YESNO"

class AcTimeStamp(types.TIMESTAMP):
    def get_col_spec(self):
        return "TIMESTAMP"

class AccessExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
    def _has_implicit_sequence(self, column):
        if column.primary_key and column.autoincrement:
            if isinstance(column.type, types.Integer) and \
                not column.foreign_keys:
                if column.default is None or \
                        (isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and \
                                column.default.optional):
                    return True
        return False

    def post_exec(self):
        """If we inserted into a row with a COUNTER column, fetch the ID"""

        if self.compiled.isinsert:
            tbl = self.compiled.statement.table
            if not hasattr(tbl, 'has_sequence'):
                tbl.has_sequence = None
                for column in tbl.c:
                    if getattr(column, 'sequence', False) or \
                        self._has_implicit_sequence(column):
                        tbl.has_sequence = column
                        break

            if bool(tbl.has_sequence):
                # TBD: for some reason _last_inserted_ids doesn't exist here
                # (but it does at corresponding point in mssql???)
                #if not len(self._last_inserted_ids) or
                # self._last_inserted_ids[0] is None:
                self.cursor.execute("SELECT @@identity AS lastrowid")
                row = self.cursor.fetchone()
                self._last_inserted_ids = [int(row[0])] 
                #+ self._last_inserted_ids[1:]
                # print "LAST ROW ID", self._last_inserted_ids

        super(AccessExecutionContext, self).post_exec()


const, daoEngine = None, None
class AccessDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
    colspecs = {
        types.Unicode : AcUnicode,
        types.Integer : AcInteger,
        types.SmallInteger: AcSmallInteger,
        types.Numeric : AcNumeric,
        types.Float : AcFloat,
        types.DateTime : AcDateTime,
        types.Date : AcDate,
        types.String : AcString,
        types.LargeBinary : AcBinary,
        types.Boolean : AcBoolean,
        types.Text : AcText,
        types.CHAR: AcChar,
        types.TIMESTAMP: AcTimeStamp,
    }
    name = 'access'
    supports_sane_rowcount = False
    supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False

    ported_sqla_06 = False

    def type_descriptor(self, typeobj):
        newobj = types.adapt_type(typeobj, self.colspecs)
        return newobj

    def __init__(self, **params):
        super(AccessDialect, self).__init__(**params)
        self.text_as_varchar = False
        self._dtbs = None

    @classmethod
    def dbapi(cls):
        import win32com.client, pythoncom

        global const, daoEngine
        if const is None:
            const = win32com.client.constants
            for suffix in (".36", ".35", ".30"):
                try:
                    daoEngine = win32com.client.\
                                gencache.\
                                EnsureDispatch("DAO.DBEngine" + suffix)
                    break
                except pythoncom.com_error:
                    pass
            else:
                raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
                        "Can't find a DB engine. Check "
                        "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/239114 for details.")

        import pyodbc as module
        return module

    def create_connect_args(self, url):
        opts = url.translate_connect_args()
        connectors = ["Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}"]
        connectors.append("Dbq=%s" % opts["database"])
        user = opts.get("username", None)
        if user:
            connectors.append("UID=%s" % user)
            connectors.append("PWD=%s" % opts.get("password", ""))
        return [[";".join(connectors)], {}]

    def last_inserted_ids(self):
        return self.context.last_inserted_ids

    def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, params, context=None):
        if params == {}:
            params = ()
        super(AccessDialect, self).\
                    do_execute(cursor, statement, params, **kwargs)

    def _execute(self, c, statement, parameters):
        try:
            if parameters == {}:
                parameters = ()
            c.execute(statement, parameters)
            self.context.rowcount = c.rowcount
        except Exception as e:
            raise exc.DBAPIError.instance(statement, parameters, e)

    def has_table(self, connection, tablename, schema=None):
        # This approach seems to be more reliable that using DAO
        try:
            connection.execute('select top 1 * from [%s]' % tablename)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            return False

    def reflecttable(self, connection, table, include_columns):
        # This is defined in the function, as it relies on win32com constants,
        # that aren't imported until dbapi method is called
        if not hasattr(self, 'ischema_names'):
            self.ischema_names = {
                const.dbByte:       AcBinary,
                const.dbInteger:    AcInteger,
                const.dbLong:       AcInteger,
                const.dbSingle:     AcFloat,
                const.dbDouble:     AcFloat,
                const.dbDate:       AcDateTime,
                const.dbLongBinary: AcBinary,
                const.dbMemo:       AcText,
                const.dbBoolean:    AcBoolean,
                const.dbText:       AcUnicode, # All Access strings are
                                               # unicode
                const.dbCurrency:   AcNumeric,
            }

        # A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
        # This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
        dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)

        try:
            for tbl in dtbs.TableDefs:
                if tbl.Name.lower() == table.name.lower():
                    break
            else:
                raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table.name)

            for col in tbl.Fields:
                coltype = self.ischema_names[col.Type]
                if col.Type == const.dbText:
                    coltype = coltype(col.Size)

                colargs = \
                {
                    'nullable': not(col.Required or 
                                    col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField),
                }
                default = col.DefaultValue

                if col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField:
                    colargs['default'] = schema.Sequence(col.Name + '_seq')
                elif default:
                    if col.Type == const.dbBoolean:
                        default = default == 'Yes' and '1' or '0'
                    colargs['server_default'] = \
                            schema.DefaultClause(sql.text(default))

                table.append_column(
                        schema.Column(col.Name, coltype, **colargs))

                # TBD: check constraints

            # Find primary key columns first
            for idx in tbl.Indexes:
                if idx.Primary:
                    for col in idx.Fields:
                        thecol = table.c[col.Name]
                        table.primary_key.add(thecol)
                        if isinstance(thecol.type, AcInteger) and \
                                not (thecol.default and
                                isinstance(
                                        thecol.default.arg, 
                                        schema.Sequence
                                )):
                            thecol.autoincrement = False

            # Then add other indexes
            for idx in tbl.Indexes:
                if not idx.Primary:
                    if len(idx.Fields) == 1:
                        col = table.c[idx.Fields[0].Name]
                        if not col.primary_key:
                            col.index = True
                            col.unique = idx.Unique
                    else:
                        pass # TBD: multi-column indexes


            for fk in dtbs.Relations:
                if fk.ForeignTable != table.name:
                    continue
                scols = [c.ForeignName for c in fk.Fields]
                rcols = ['%s.%s' % (fk.Table, c.Name) for c in fk.Fields]
                table.append_constraint(
                        schema.ForeignKeyConstraint(scols, rcols,\
                                                link_to_name=True))

        finally:
            dtbs.Close()

    @reflection.cache
    def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
        # A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
        # This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
        dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)

        names = [t.Name for t in dtbs.TableDefs 
                if t.Name[:4] != "MSys" and t.Name[:4] != "~TMP"]
        dtbs.Close()
        return names


class AccessCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
    extract_map = compiler.SQLCompiler.extract_map.copy()
    extract_map.update ({
            'month': 'm',
            'day': 'd',
            'year': 'yyyy',
            'second': 's',
            'hour': 'h',
            'doy': 'y',
            'minute': 'n',
            'quarter': 'q',
            'dow': 'w',
            'week': 'ww'
    })

    def visit_select_precolumns(self, select):
        """Access puts TOP, it's version of LIMIT here """
        s = select.distinct and "DISTINCT " or ""
        if select.limit:
            s += "TOP %s " % (select.limit)
        if select.offset:
            raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
                    'Access does not support LIMIT with an offset')
        return s

    def limit_clause(self, select):
        """Limit in access is after the select keyword"""
        return ""

    def binary_operator_string(self, binary):
        """Access uses "mod" instead of "%" """
        return binary.operator == '%' and 'mod' or binary.operator

    def label_select_column(self, select, column, asfrom):
        if isinstance(column, expression.Function):
            return column.label()
        else:
            return super(AccessCompiler, self).\
                        label_select_column(select, column, asfrom)

    function_rewrites =  {'current_date':       'now',
                          'current_timestamp':  'now',
                          'length':             'len',
                          }
    def visit_function(self, func):
        """Access function names differ from the ANSI SQL names; 
        rewrite common ones"""
        func.name = self.function_rewrites.get(func.name, func.name)
        return super(AccessCompiler, self).visit_function(func)

    def for_update_clause(self, select):
        """FOR UPDATE is not supported by Access; silently ignore"""
        return ''

    # Strip schema
    def visit_table(self, table, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
        if asfrom:
            return self.preparer.quote(table.name, table.quote)
        else:
            return ""

    def visit_join(self, join, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
        return (self.process(join.left, asfrom=True) + \
                (join.isouter and " LEFT OUTER JOIN " or " INNER JOIN ") + \
                self.process(join.right, asfrom=True) + " ON " + \
                self.process(join.onclause))

    def visit_extract(self, extract, **kw):
        field = self.extract_map.get(extract.field, extract.field)
        return 'DATEPART("%s", %s)' % \
                    (field, self.process(extract.expr, **kw))

class AccessDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
    def get_column_specification(self, column, **kwargs):
        colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " " + \
                    column.type.dialect_impl(self.dialect).get_col_spec()

        # install a sequence if we have an implicit IDENTITY column
        if (not getattr(column.table, 'has_sequence', False)) and \
                column.primary_key and \
                column.autoincrement and \
                isinstance(column.type, types.Integer) and \
                not column.foreign_keys:
            if column.default is None or \
                (isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and
                 column.default.optional):
                column.sequence = schema.Sequence(column.name + '_seq')

        if not column.nullable:
            colspec += " NOT NULL"

        if hasattr(column, 'sequence'):
            column.table.has_sequence = column
            colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " counter"
        else:
            default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
            if default is not None:
                colspec += " DEFAULT " + default

        return colspec

    def visit_drop_index(self, drop):
        index = drop.element
        self.append("\nDROP INDEX [%s].[%s]" % \
                        (index.table.name,
                        self._index_identifier(index.name)))

class AccessIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
    reserved_words = compiler.RESERVED_WORDS.copy()
    reserved_words.update(['value', 'text'])
    def __init__(self, dialect):
        super(AccessIdentifierPreparer, self).\
                __init__(dialect, initial_quote='[', final_quote=']')


dialect = AccessDialect
dialect.poolclass = pool.SingletonThreadPool
dialect.statement_compiler = AccessCompiler
dialect.ddlcompiler = AccessDDLCompiler
dialect.preparer = AccessIdentifierPreparer
dialect.execution_ctx_cls = AccessExecutionContext
