#===============================================================================
# Copyright (c) 2012-2015, GPy authors (see AUTHORS.txt).
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the name of GPy nor the names of its
#   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
#   this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#===============================================================================

import numpy as np

from . import plotting_library as pl
from .plot_util import helper_for_plot_data, update_not_existing_kwargs, \
    helper_predict_with_model, get_which_data_ycols, get_x_y_var
from .data_plots import _plot_data, _plot_inducing, _plot_data_error

def plot_mean(self, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None, plot_raw=False,
              apply_link=False, visible_dims=None,
              which_data_ycols='all',
              levels=20, projection='2d',
              label='gp mean',
              predict_kw=None,
              **kwargs):
    """
    Plot the mean of the GP.

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.



    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [defaults are 1D:200, 2D:50]
    :param bool plot_raw: plot the latent function (usually denoted f) only?
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param array-like which_data_ycols: which columns of y to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param int levels: for 2D plotting, the number of contour levels to use is
    :param {'2d','3d'} projection: whether to plot in 2d or 3d. This only applies when plotting two dimensional inputs!
    :param str label: the label for the plot.
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    """
    canvas, kwargs = pl().new_canvas(projection=projection, **kwargs)
    X = get_x_y_var(self)[0]
    helper_data = helper_for_plot_data(self, X, plot_limits, visible_dims, fixed_inputs, resolution)
    helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], plot_raw,
                                          apply_link, None,
                                          get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols),
                                          predict_kw)
    plots = _plot_mean(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction,
                       levels, projection, label, **kwargs)
    return pl().add_to_canvas(canvas, plots)

def _plot_mean(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction,
              levels=20, projection='2d', label=None,
              **kwargs):

    _, free_dims, Xgrid, x, y, _, _, resolution = helper_data
    if len(free_dims)<=2:
        mu, _, _ = helper_prediction
        if len(free_dims)==1:
            # 1D plotting:
            update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.meanplot_1d)  # @UndefinedVariable
            plots = dict(gpmean=[pl().plot(canvas, Xgrid[:, free_dims], mu, label=label, **kwargs)])
        else:
            if projection == '2d':
                update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.meanplot_2d)  # @UndefinedVariable
                plots = dict(gpmean=[pl().contour(canvas, x[:,0], y[0,:],
                                               mu.reshape(resolution, resolution).T,
                                               levels=levels, label=label, **kwargs)])
            elif projection == '3d':
                update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.meanplot_3d)  # @UndefinedVariable
                plots = dict(gpmean=[pl().surface(canvas, x, y,
                                               mu.reshape(resolution, resolution),
                                               label=label,
                                               **kwargs)])
    elif len(free_dims)==0:
        pass # Nothing to plot!
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('Cannot plot mean in more then 2 input dimensions')
    return plots

def plot_confidence(self, lower=2.5, upper=97.5, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None, plot_raw=False,
              apply_link=False, visible_dims=None,
              which_data_ycols='all', label='gp confidence',
              predict_kw=None,
              **kwargs):
    """
    Plot the confidence interval between the percentiles lower and upper.
    E.g. the 95% confidence interval is $2.5, 97.5$.
    Note: Only implemented for one dimension!

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.


    :param float lower: the lower percentile to plot
    :param float upper: the upper percentile to plot
    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [default:200]
    :param bool plot_raw: plot the latent function (usually denoted f) only?
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param array-like visible_dims: which columns of the input X (!) to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param array-like which_data_ycols: which columns of the output y (!) to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    """
    canvas, kwargs = pl().new_canvas(**kwargs)
    ycols = get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols)
    X = get_x_y_var(self)[0]
    helper_data = helper_for_plot_data(self, X, plot_limits, visible_dims, fixed_inputs, resolution)
    helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], plot_raw, apply_link,
                                                 (lower, upper),
                                                 ycols, predict_kw)
    plots = _plot_confidence(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, label, **kwargs)
    return pl().add_to_canvas(canvas, plots, legend=label is not None)

def _plot_confidence(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, label, **kwargs):
    _, free_dims, Xgrid, _, _, _, _, _ = helper_data
    update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.confidence_interval)  # @UndefinedVariable
    if len(free_dims)<=1:
        if len(free_dims)==1:
            percs = helper_prediction[1]
            fills = []
            for d in range(helper_prediction[0].shape[1]):
                fills.append(pl().fill_between(canvas, Xgrid[:,free_dims[0]], percs[0][:,d], percs[1][:,d], label=label, **kwargs))
            return dict(gpconfidence=fills)
        else:
            pass #Nothing to plot!
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('Can only plot confidence interval in one input dimension')


def plot_samples(self, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None, plot_raw=True,
              apply_link=False, visible_dims=None,
              which_data_ycols='all',
              samples=3, projection='2d', label='gp_samples',
              predict_kw=None,
              **kwargs):
    """
    Plot the mean of the GP.

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.



    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [defaults are 1D:200, 2D:50]
    :param bool plot_raw: plot the latent function (usually denoted f) only? This is usually what you want!
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param array-like visible_dims: which columns of the input X (!) to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param array-like which_data_ycols: which columns of y to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    :param int levels: for 2D plotting, the number of contour levels to use is
    """
    canvas, kwargs = pl().new_canvas(projection=projection, **kwargs)
    ycols = get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols)
    X = get_x_y_var(self)[0]
    helper_data = helper_for_plot_data(self, X, plot_limits, visible_dims, fixed_inputs, resolution)
    helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], plot_raw, apply_link,
                                                 None,
                                                 ycols, predict_kw, samples)
    plots = _plot_samples(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction,
                          projection, label, **kwargs)
    return pl().add_to_canvas(canvas, plots)

def _plot_samples(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, projection,
              label, **kwargs):
    _, free_dims, Xgrid, x, y, _, _, resolution = helper_data
    samples = helper_prediction[2]

    if len(free_dims)<=2:
        if len(free_dims)==1:
            # 1D plotting:
            update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.samples_1d)  # @UndefinedVariable
            plots = [pl().plot(canvas, Xgrid[:, free_dims], samples[:, s], label=label if s==0 else None, **kwargs) for s in range(samples.shape[-1])]
        elif len(free_dims)==2 and projection=='3d':
            update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.samples_3d)  # @UndefinedVariable
            plots = [pl().surface(canvas, x, y, samples[:, s].reshape(resolution, resolution), **kwargs) for s in range(samples.shape[-1])]
        else:
            pass # Nothing to plot!
        return dict(gpmean=plots)
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('Cannot plot mean in more then 1 input dimensions')


def plot_density(self, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None, plot_raw=False,
              apply_link=False, visible_dims=None,
              which_data_ycols='all',
              levels=35, label='gp density',
              predict_kw=None,
              **kwargs):
    """
    Plot the confidence interval between the percentiles lower and upper.
    E.g. the 95% confidence interval is $2.5, 97.5$.
    Note: Only implemented for one dimension!

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.

    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [default:200]
    :param bool plot_raw: plot the latent function (usually denoted f) only?
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param array-like visible_dims: which columns of the input X (!) to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param array-like which_data_ycols: which columns of y to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param int levels: the number of levels in the density (number bigger then 1, where 35 is smooth and 1 is the same as plot_confidence). You can go higher then 50 if the result is not smooth enough for you.
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    """
    canvas, kwargs = pl().new_canvas(**kwargs)
    X = get_x_y_var(self)[0]
    helper_data = helper_for_plot_data(self, X, plot_limits, visible_dims, fixed_inputs, resolution)
    helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], plot_raw,
                                          apply_link, np.linspace(2.5, 97.5, levels*2),
                                          get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols),
                                          predict_kw)
    plots = _plot_density(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, label, **kwargs)
    return pl().add_to_canvas(canvas, plots)

def _plot_density(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, label, **kwargs):
    _, free_dims, Xgrid, _, _, _, _, _ = helper_data
    mu, percs, _ = helper_prediction

    update_not_existing_kwargs(kwargs, pl().defaults.density)  # @UndefinedVariable

    if len(free_dims)<=1:
        if len(free_dims)==1:
            # 1D plotting:
            fills = []
            for d in range(mu.shape[1]):
                fills.append(pl().fill_gradient(canvas, Xgrid[:, free_dims[0]], [p[:,d] for p in percs], label=label, **kwargs))
            return dict(gpdensity=fills)
        else:
            pass # Nothing to plot!
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('Can only plot density in one input dimension')

def plot(self, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None,
              plot_raw=False, apply_link=False,
              which_data_ycols='all', which_data_rows='all',
              visible_dims=None,
              levels=20, samples=0, samples_likelihood=0, lower=2.5, upper=97.5,
              plot_data=True, plot_inducing=True, plot_density=False,
              predict_kw=None, projection='2d', legend=True, **kwargs):
    """
    Convenience function for plotting the fit of a GP.

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.


    If you want fine graned control use the specific plotting functions supplied in the model.

    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [default:200]
    :param bool plot_raw: plot the latent function (usually denoted f) only?
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param which_data_ycols: when the data has several columns (independant outputs), only plot these
    :type which_data_ycols: 'all' or a list of integers
    :param which_data_rows: which of the training data to plot (default all)
    :type which_data_rows: 'all' or a slice object to slice self.X, self.Y
    :param array-like visible_dims: which columns of the input X (!) to plot (array-like or list of ints)
    :param int levels: the number of levels in the density (number bigger then 1, where 35 is smooth and 1 is the same as plot_confidence). You can go higher then 50 if the result is not smooth enough for you.
    :param int samples: the number of samples to draw from the GP and plot into the plot. This will allways be samples from the latent function.
    :param int samples_likelihood: the number of samples to draw from the GP and apply the likelihood noise. This is usually not what you want!
    :param float lower: the lower percentile to plot
    :param float upper: the upper percentile to plot
    :param bool plot_data: plot the data into the plot?
    :param bool plot_inducing: plot inducing inputs?
    :param bool plot_density: plot density instead of the confidence interval?
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    :param {2d|3d} projection: plot in 2d or 3d?
    :param bool legend: convenience, whether to put a legend on the plot or not.
    """
    X = get_x_y_var(self)[0]
    helper_data = helper_for_plot_data(self, X, plot_limits, visible_dims, fixed_inputs, resolution)
    xmin, xmax = helper_data[5:7]
    free_dims = helper_data[1]

    if not 'xlim' in kwargs:
        kwargs['xlim'] = (xmin[0], xmax[0])
    if not 'ylim' in kwargs and len(free_dims) == 2:
        kwargs['ylim'] = (xmin[1], xmax[1])

    canvas, _ = pl().new_canvas(projection=projection, **kwargs)
    helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], plot_raw,
                                          apply_link, np.linspace(2.5, 97.5, levels*2) if plot_density else (lower,upper),
                                          get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols),
                                          predict_kw, samples)
    if plot_raw and not apply_link:
        # It does not make sense to plot the data (which lives not in the latent function space) into latent function space.
        plot_data = False
    plots = {}
    if hasattr(self, 'Z') and plot_inducing:
        plots.update(_plot_inducing(self, canvas, visible_dims, projection, 'Inducing'))
    if plot_data:
        plots.update(_plot_data(self, canvas, which_data_rows, which_data_ycols, free_dims, projection, "Data"))
        plots.update(_plot_data_error(self, canvas, which_data_rows, which_data_ycols, free_dims, projection, "Data Error"))
    plots.update(_plot(self, canvas, plots, helper_data, helper_prediction, levels, plot_inducing, plot_density, projection))
    if plot_raw and (samples_likelihood > 0):
        helper_prediction = helper_predict_with_model(self, helper_data[2], False,
                                      apply_link, None,
                                      get_which_data_ycols(self, which_data_ycols),
                                      predict_kw, samples_likelihood)
        plots.update(_plot_samples(canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, projection, "Lik Samples"))
    return pl().add_to_canvas(canvas, plots, legend=legend)


def plot_f(self, plot_limits=None, fixed_inputs=None,
              resolution=None,
              apply_link=False,
              which_data_ycols='all', which_data_rows='all',
              visible_dims=None,
              levels=20, samples=0, lower=2.5, upper=97.5,
              plot_density=False,
              plot_data=True, plot_inducing=True,
              projection='2d', legend=True,
              predict_kw=None,
              **kwargs):
    """
    Convinience function for plotting the fit of a GP.
    This is the same as plot, except it plots the latent function fit of the GP!

    If you want fine graned control use the specific plotting functions supplied in the model.

    You can deactivate the legend for this one plot by supplying None to label.

    Give the Y_metadata in the predict_kw if you need it.


    :param plot_limits: The limits of the plot. If 1D [xmin,xmax], if 2D [[xmin,ymin],[xmax,ymax]]. Defaluts to data limits
    :type plot_limits: np.array
    :param fixed_inputs: a list of tuple [(i,v), (i,v)...], specifying that input dimension i should be set to value v.
    :type fixed_inputs: a list of tuples
    :param int resolution: The resolution of the prediction [default:200]
    :param bool apply_link: whether to apply the link function of the GP to the raw prediction.
    :param which_data_ycols: when the data has several columns (independant outputs), only plot these
    :type which_data_ycols: 'all' or a list of integers
    :param which_data_rows: which of the training data to plot (default all)
    :type which_data_rows: 'all' or a slice object to slice self.X, self.Y
    :param array-like visible_dims: an array specifying the input dimensions to plot (maximum two)
    :param int levels: the number of levels in the density (number bigger then 1, where 35 is smooth and 1 is the same as plot_confidence). You can go higher then 50 if the result is not smooth enough for you.
    :param int samples: the number of samples to draw from the GP and plot into the plot. This will allways be samples from the latent function.
    :param float lower: the lower percentile to plot
    :param float upper: the upper percentile to plot
    :param bool plot_data: plot the data into the plot?
    :param bool plot_inducing: plot inducing inputs?
    :param bool plot_density: plot density instead of the confidence interval?
    :param dict predict_kw: the keyword arguments for the prediction. If you want to plot a specific kernel give dict(kern=<specific kernel>) in here
    :param dict error_kwargs: kwargs for the error plot for the plotting library you are using
    :param kwargs plot_kwargs: kwargs for the data plot for the plotting library you are using
    """
    return plot(self, plot_limits, fixed_inputs, resolution, True,
         apply_link, which_data_ycols, which_data_rows,
         visible_dims, levels, samples, 0,
         lower, upper, plot_data, plot_inducing,
         plot_density, predict_kw, projection, legend, **kwargs)



def _plot(self, canvas, plots, helper_data, helper_prediction, levels, plot_inducing=True, plot_density=False, projection='2d'):
        plots.update(_plot_mean(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, levels, projection, 'Mean'))

        try:
            if projection=='2d':
                if not plot_density:
                    plots.update(_plot_confidence(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, "Confidence"))
                else:
                    plots.update(_plot_density(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, "Density"))
        except RuntimeError:
            #plotting in 2d
            pass

        if helper_prediction[2] is not None:
            plots.update(_plot_samples(self, canvas, helper_data, helper_prediction, projection, "Samples"))
        return plots
