package Test::Class::Moose::Tutorial;

# ABSTRACT: A starting guide for Test::Class::Moose

use 5.10.0;

our $VERSION = '0.78';

# there is no code here, but we're moving this from .pod to .pm to try to work
# around a strange bug where this is showing up instead of main docs on
# metacpan and cpan

1;

__END__

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Test::Class::Moose::Tutorial - A starting guide for Test::Class::Moose

=head1 VERSION

version 0.78

=head1 Getting Started

Automated testing is wonderful. Verifying your program's correctness in all
possible ways is a good thing that will save you time (and programmer time is
money).

Procedural tests like C<Test::More> are a good, general way to write tests for
all kinds of things. However, it is not very good when you're trying describe
relationships between tests. For this, a class-based test would work better,
because you could use the standard OO-techniques for describing object
relationships like inheritance.

When testing objects, it's good for code re-use to have test classes that match
the relationships between the regular objects. By creating test classes with
the same relationships, you can quickly increase test coverage by testing the
base class, and all the child classes can inherit those tests!

=head2 A Test Class

The first and most crucial part of using C<Test::Class::Moose> is a class that
runs some tests. C<Test::Class::Moose> loads a few modules for you
automatically, so the boilerplate is, at minimum:

    package TestsFor::My::Test::Class;
    use Test::Class::Moose;

C<Test::Class::Moose> loads C<strict>, C<warnings>, C<Moose>, and
C<Test::Most> (which includes C<Test::More>, C<Test::Deep>,
C<Test::Exception>, and C<Test::Differences>). Note that if you don't want to
load C<Test::Most> (to use Test2 tools instead, for example), you can disable
this by writing C<use Test::Class::Moose bare => 1> instead.

I put my test classes in the C<t/lib/TestsFor> directory, to keep them
separated from my other classes that help testing (C<t/lib>) and my other test
scripts. This is just a convention; the directory can be anything you want it
to be, but it is a good idea to keep your test classes separate from your
other test-related modules.

Now we need a method that implements our actual tests. With
C<Test::Class::Moose>, any method that starts with C<test_> will be run as a
test.

    use My::Module;

    sub test_construction {
        my $test = shift;
        my $obj  = My::Module->new;
        isa_ok $obj, 'My::Module';
    }

Every C<test_> method is run as a subtest and no plan is required. We can have
as many C<test_> methods as we want in a class.

=head2 A Test Runner

Now that we have a test class, we need a way for prove to load and run them.
L<Test::Class::Moose::Load> can load our test modules from a given
directory. To run them, we use the L<Test::Class::Moose::Runner> class

    # t/test_class_tests.t
    use File::Spec::Functions qw( catdir );
    use FindBin qw( $Bin );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Load qw( catdir( $Bin, 't', 'lib' ) );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new->runtests;

Or if you're not worried about the portability of that directory:

    use Test::Class::Moose::Load 't/lib';
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new->runtests;

This test script will load all of the C<Test::Class::Moose> modules inside
C<t/lib> and then run them. All your test modules get run by this one script,
but since they're run as subtests, you will get a report on how many test
classes failed.

We can run our test script using prove. I'll turn on verbose output (-v) to
show you what the TAP output looks like

    prove -v t/test_class_tests.t
    t/test_class_tests.t ..
    1..1
    #
    # Running tests for TestsFor::My::Class
    #
        1..1
        # TestsFor::My::Class->test_something()
            ok 1 - I tested something!
            1..1
        ok 1 - test_something
    ok 1 - TestsFor::My::Class
    ok
    All tests successful.
    Files=1, Tests=1,  0 wallclock secs ( 0.03 usr  0.01 sys +  0.34 cusr  0.01 csys =  0.39 CPU)
    Result: PASS

=head1 Event Hooks

There are various points in the test script where we might want to perform
some actions: Reset a test database, create a temp file, or otherwise set up
prerequisites for a test. C<Test::Class::Moose> provides some hooks, called
test control methods, that allow us to perform actions at these points.

Note that you cannot run tests inside these control methods. Doing so will
cause your tests to fail.

=head2 test_startup / test_shutdown

The C<test_startup> method is run as the very first thing in our test class,
and is run only once per test class. We can use this method to do some sort of
global setup, like creating a test database for example.

The C<test_shutdown> method is run once as the very last thing in our test
class, and is run only once per test class. This allows us to do any necessary
cleanup, for example removing the test database that we created in
C<test_startup>

=head2 test_setup / test_teardown

What C<test_startup> and C<test_shutdown> are for the entire test class,
C<test_setup> and C<test_teardown> are for every single C<test_*> method.

The C<test_setup> method is run before every test method. For canonical unit
testing, this is where you can create the things you need for each test, such
as a log file, rebuilding fixtures, or starting a database transaction.

The C<test_teardown> method happens after every test, and is where you can
clean up the things created in C<test_setup>, such as ending the database
transaction.

Note that some developers actually prefer their cleanup to happen in their
C<test_setup> method, prior to setting up the test. That sounds odd, but it
can be an easier way to ensure that the environment is clean for every test
method, regardless of what happened in a previously run method.

=head1 Test Class Composition

The most important reason to choose a class test over a procedural test (using
only C<Test::More>) is class composition.

=head2 Inheritance

Since we're using C<Moose>, inheritance is as easy as:

    package TestsFor::My::Test::Class;
    use Test::Class::Moose;
    extends 'My::Test::Base';

C<Test::Class::Moose> even provides a shortcut:

    package TestsFor::My::Text::Class;
    use Test::Class::Moose extends => 'My::Test::Base';

If C<My::Test::Base> will not be testing anything itself, we do not put it in
C<t/lib/TestsFor>, instead we put it in C<lib> or C<t/lib> (depending on if we
want it to be part of the public set of modules or not). This will make sure
our test runner does not try to run our base class that doesn't test anything
concrete.

=head2 Roles

If your distribution uses roles, so should your tests. Like inheritance, roles
are added in the regular C<Moose> way:

    package TestsFor::My::Test::Class;
    use Test::Class::Moose;
    with 'My::Test::Role';

You can use L<Test::Class::Moose::Role> instead of C<Moose::Role> in which
case you get the same imports as when you use C<Test::Class::Moose>.

=head2 Organizing Your Tests

Test code should be held to the same standard as the rest of the code in your
distribution:

=over 4

=item Don't Repeat Yourself

Copypasta isn't okay in your module code, and it should not be okay in your
test code either! Refactor your tests to use roles or inheritance.

=back

=head1 Advanced Features

L<Test::Class::Moose> offers a number of more advanced features as well.

=head2 plan

If you need to prepare a plan for your tests, you can do so using the
C<plan()> method:

    sub test_constructor {
        my $test = shift;
        $test->test_report->plan(1);    # 1 test in this sub
        isa_ok My::Module->new, 'My::Module';
    }

Using the C<plan()> method, we can know exactly how many tests did not run if
the test method ends prematurely, or how many extra tests were run if we had
too many tests.

Alternately, you can use the C<Test> (a single test) or C<Tests> attributes
to set the plan. If you do this, the method is marked as a test method even if
it does not begin with C<test_>.

    # 'Test' asserts a plan of 1 test
    sub test_constructor : Test {
        my $test = shift;
        isa_ok My::Module->new, 'My::Module';
    }

    # 'Tests' means multiple tests with no plan (note the test name)
    sub a_test_method : Tests {
        # many tests here
    }

    # 'Tests($integer) means a plan of $integer
    sub this_is_another_test : Tests(3) {
        # 3 tests
    }

=head2 skip

We can use the C<test_startup> and C<test_setup> methods to skip tests that we
can't or don't want to run for whatever reason.

If we don't want to run a single test method, we can use the C<test_setup> method
and call the C<test_skip> method with the reason we're skipping the test.

    sub test_will_fail {
        my ($test) = @_;
        fail q{This doesn't work!};
    }

    sub test_setup {
        my $test = shift;
        if ( $test->test_report->current_method->name eq 'test_will_fail' ) {
            $test->test_skip(q{It doesn't work});
        }
    }

If we don't want to run an entire class, we can use the C<test_startup> method
and the same C<test_skip> method with the reason we're skipping the test.

    sub test_startup {
        my $test = shift;
        $test->test_skip(q{The entire class doesn't work});
    }

=head2 Running Specific Test Classes

One of the problems with having only one test script to run all the test
classes is when we're working directly with one test class we still have to
run all the other test classes.

To fix this problem, L<Test::Class::Moose::Runner> allows us to specify which specific
classes we want to run in its constructor:

    # t/test_class_tests.t
    use File::Spec::Functions qw( catdir );
    use FindBin qw( $Bin );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Load catdir( $Bin, 't', 'lib' );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new(
        classes => ['TestsFor::My::Test::Class'],
    )->runtests;

Now, we only run C<TestsFor::My::Test::Class> instead of all the tests found in
C<TestsFor::>.

This isn't very elegant since we have to edit C<t/test_class_tests.t> every
time we want to run a new test. Instead, you can just tell
C<Test::Class::Moose::Runner> which test classes to run via C<@ARGV>:

    # t/test_class_tests.t
    use File::Spec::Functions qw( catdir );
    use FindBin qw( $Bin );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Load catdir( $Bin, 't', 'lib' );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new(
        classes => \@ARGV,
    )->runtests;

If C<@ARGV> is empty, C<Test::Class::Moose> will run all classes. To give
arguments while running C<prove>, we use the arisdottle C<::>:

    prove -lb t/test_class_tests.t :: My::Test::Class

Now we can choose which test class we want to run right on the command line.

=head1 Tags

Tags are a way of organizing your test methods into groups. Later you can
choose to only execute the test methods from one or more tags. You can add
tags like "online" for tests that require a network, or "database" for tests
that require a database, and then include or exclude those tags when you
execute your tests.

You add tags to your test methods using attributes. A test method may have one
or more tags:

    sub test_database : Tags( database )            { ... }
    sub test_network  : Tests(7) Tags( online api ) { ... }

Then, if your database goes down, you can exclude those tests from the
C<t/test_class_tests.t> script:

    # t/test_class_tests.t
    use File::Spec::Functions qw( catdir );
    use FindBin qw( $Bin );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Load catdir( $Bin, 't', 'lib' );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new(
        classes      => \@ARGV,
        exclude_tags => [qw( database )],
    )->runtests;

By adding tags to your tests, you can run only those tests that you absolutely
need to, increasing your productivity.

=head1 Boilerplate

Here is the bare minimum you need to get started using C<Test::Class::Moose>

=head2 Test Class

    # t/lib/TestsFor/My/Class.pm
    package TestsFor::My::Class;
    use Test::Class::Moose;

    sub test_something {
        pass "I tested something!";
    }

    1;

=head2 Test Runner

    # t/test_class_tests.t
    use File::Spec::Functions qw( catdir );
    use FindBin qw( $Bin );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Load catdir( $Bin, 't', 'lib' );
    use Test::Class::Moose::Runner;
    Test::Class::Moose::Runner->new(
        classes => \@ARGV,
    )->runtests;

=head1 AUTHOR

Doug Bell: https://github.com/preaction

=head1 SUPPORT

Bugs may be submitted through L<https://github.com/test-class-moose/test-class-moose/issues>.

I am also usually active on IRC as 'drolsky' on C<irc://irc.perl.org>.

=head1 AUTHORS

=over 4

=item *

Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>

=item *

Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2012 - 2016 by Curtis "Ovid" Poe.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut
