/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright Insight Software Consortium
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef __itkMatrix_h
#define __itkMatrix_h

#include "itkPoint.h"
#include "itkCovariantVector.h"
#include "vnl/vnl_matrix_fixed.txx" // Get the templates
#include "vnl/vnl_transpose.h"
#include "vnl/algo/vnl_matrix_inverse.h"
#include "vnl/vnl_matrix.h"
#include "vnl/algo/vnl_determinant.h"

namespace itk
{
/** \class Matrix
 * \brief A templated class holding a M x N size Matrix.
 *
 * This class contains a vnl_matrix_fixed in order
 * to make all the vnl mathematical methods available.
 *
 * \ingroup DataRepresentation
 * \ingroup ITKCommon
 *
 * \wiki
 * \wikiexample{Math/Matrix,Matrix}
 * \endwiki
 */

template< typename T, unsigned int NRows = 3, unsigned int NColumns = 3 >
class Matrix
{
public:
  /** Standard class typedefs. */
  typedef Matrix Self;

  /** Component value type */
  typedef T ValueType;
  typedef T ComponentType;

  /** Number Of Columns and Rows. */
  itkStaticConstMacro(RowDimensions,    unsigned int, NRows);
  itkStaticConstMacro(ColumnDimensions, unsigned int, NColumns);

  /** Internal matrix type */
  typedef vnl_matrix_fixed< T, NRows, NColumns > InternalMatrixType;

  /** Compatible square matrix. This is currently used by operator* to help
   * with wrapping.  \todo In the future, the method should be templated to allow
   * multiplication by NColumns by XRows.*/
  typedef Matrix<T, NColumns, NColumns> CompatibleSquareMatrixType;

  /** Matrix by Vector multiplication.  */
  Vector< T, NRows > operator *(const Vector< T, NColumns > & vector) const;

  /** Matrix by Point multiplication.  */
  Point< T, NRows > operator *(const Point< T, NColumns > & vector) const;

  /** Matrix by CovariantVector multiplication.  */
  CovariantVector< T, NRows > operator *(const CovariantVector< T, NColumns > & vector) const;

  /** Matrix by vnl_vector_fixed multiplication.  */
  vnl_vector_fixed<T,NRows> operator *(const vnl_vector_fixed< T, NColumns > & vector) const;

  /** Matrix by Matrix multiplication.  */
  Self operator *(const CompatibleSquareMatrixType & matrix) const;

  template<unsigned int OuterDim>
   Matrix<T, NRows, OuterDim>  operator*(const  vnl_matrix_fixed< T, NRows, OuterDim > & matrix) const
      {
      const Matrix<T, NRows, OuterDim> result ( m_Matrix * matrix );
      return result;
      }

  /** Matrix addition.  */
  Self operator+(const Self & matrix) const;

  const Self & operator+=(const Self & matrix);

  /** Matrix addition.  */
  Self operator-(const Self & matrix) const;

  const Self & operator-=(const Self & matrix);

  /** Matrix by vnl_matrix multiplication.  */
  vnl_matrix< T > operator *(const vnl_matrix< T > & matrix) const;

  /** Matrix by Matrix multiplication.  */
  void operator*=(const CompatibleSquareMatrixType & matrix);

  /** Matrix by vnl_matrix multiplication.  */
  void operator*=(const vnl_matrix< T > & matrix);

  /** Matrix by vnl_vector multiplication.  */
  vnl_vector< T > operator *(const vnl_vector< T > & matrix) const;

  /** Matrix by scalar multiplication. */
  void operator*=(const T & value)
  { m_Matrix *= value; }

  /** Matrix by scalar multiplication.  */
  Self operator*(const T & value)
  {
    Self result(*this);

    result *= value;
    return result;
  }

  /** Matrix by scalar division. */
  void operator/=(const T & value)
  {
    m_Matrix /= value;
  }

  /** Matrix by scalar division. */
  Self operator/(const T & value)
  {
    Self result(*this);

    result /= value;
    return result;
  }

  /** Return an element of the matrix. */
  inline T & operator()(unsigned int row, unsigned int col)
  {
    return m_Matrix(row, col);
  }

  /** Return an element of the matrix. */
  inline const T & operator()(unsigned int row, unsigned int col) const
  {
    return m_Matrix(row, col);
  }

  /** Return a row of the matrix. */
  inline T * operator[](unsigned int i)
  {
    return m_Matrix[i];
  }

  /** Return a row of the matrix. */
  inline const T * operator[](unsigned int i) const
  {
    return m_Matrix[i];
  }

  /** Return the matrix. */
  inline InternalMatrixType & GetVnlMatrix(void)
  {
    return m_Matrix;
  }

  /** Return the matrix. */
  inline const InternalMatrixType & GetVnlMatrix(void) const
  {
    return m_Matrix;
  }

  /** Set the matrix to identity. */
  inline void SetIdentity(void)
  {
    m_Matrix.set_identity();
  }

  /** Fill the matrix with a value. */
  inline void Fill(const T & value)
  {
    m_Matrix.fill(value);
  }

  /** Assignment operator. */
  inline const Self & operator=(const vnl_matrix< T > & matrix)
  {
    m_Matrix = matrix;
    return *this;
  }

  /**For every operator=, there should be an equivalent copy constructor. */
  inline Matrix(const vnl_matrix< T > & matrix)
  {
    this->operator=(matrix);
  }

  /** Comparison operators. */
  inline bool operator==(const Self & matrix) const
  {
    bool equal = true;

    for ( unsigned int r = 0; r < NRows; r++ )
      {
      for ( unsigned int c = 0; c < NColumns; c++ )
        {
        if ( m_Matrix(r, c) != matrix.m_Matrix(r, c) )
          {
          equal = false;
          break;
          }
        }
      }
    return equal;
  }

  inline bool operator!=(const Self & matrix) const
  {
    return !this->operator==(matrix);
  }

  inline const Self & operator=(const InternalMatrixType & matrix)
  {
    this->m_Matrix = matrix;
    return *this;
  }

  /**For every operator=, there should be an equivalent copy constructor. */
  inline explicit Matrix(const InternalMatrixType & matrix)
  {
    this->operator=(matrix);
  }

  /** Assignment operator. */
  inline const Self & operator=(const Self & matrix)
  {
    m_Matrix = matrix.m_Matrix;
    return *this;
  }

  /** Return the inverse matrix. */
  inline vnl_matrix_fixed< T, NColumns, NRows > GetInverse(void) const
  {
    if ( vnl_determinant(m_Matrix) == 0.0 )
      {
      itkGenericExceptionMacro(<< "Singular matrix. Determinant is 0.");
      }
    vnl_matrix< T > temp = vnl_matrix_inverse< T >(m_Matrix);
    return temp;
  }

  /** Return the transposed matrix. */
  inline vnl_matrix_fixed< T, NColumns, NRows > GetTranspose(void) const
  {
    return m_Matrix.transpose();
  }

  /** Default constructor. */
  Matrix():m_Matrix(NumericTraits< T >::Zero) {}

  /** Copy constructor. */
  Matrix(const Self & matrix):m_Matrix(matrix.m_Matrix) {}

private:
  InternalMatrixType m_Matrix;
};

template< typename T, unsigned int NRows, unsigned int NColumns >
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Matrix< T, NRows, NColumns > & v)
{
  os << v.GetVnlMatrix();
  return os;
}
} // end namespace itk

#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION
#include "itkMatrix.hxx"
#endif

#endif
